Browsing by Author "INDAH SUASANI WAHYUNI"

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    Anti-oral mucosal activity and mechanism of ethanol extract of Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome via inhibition of COX-2 expression
    (2022-04-14) INDAH SUASANI WAHYUNI; Jutti Levita; Irna Sufiawati
    Oral health is an integral part of overall body health. Therefore, oral mucosal inflammation can have an impact on the body`s health. Oral mucosal inflammation can be managed by administering anti-inflammatory drugs, both steroids and non-steroidal, but sometimes cause side effects, especially if used in the long term and in large doses. Research on medicinal plants for alternatives has recently been carried out. One of the plants in Indonesia that is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect is Kaempferia galanga L. The rhizome part of this plant contains a lot of secondary metabolites and this has not been widely explored in plants harvested in the rainy season and dry season, according to Indonesia`s geographical conditions. The difference in harvest time between these two seasons will affect the content of secondary metabolites. One of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms that can be investigated for drug development is through the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibition pathway, particularly COX-2. Thus, this study aimed to explore the potential of the Kaempferia galanga L. as an anti-oral mucosal ulcer, which is often used in traditional medicine, has anti-inflammatory effects, and is known to have low toxicity. The research methods used were phytochemical screening/color test method, spectrophotometric analysis, and chromatogram profiles analysis: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC), for identification of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract of K. galanga L. (EEKG). Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) levels in the EEKG from plants harvested in the rainy season (EEKG-R) and that of harvested in the dry season (EEKG-D) were determined using validated RP-HPLC method. The in vitro studies were carried out to obtain the IC50 value of the EEKG in inhibiting prostaglandins production catalyzed by COX-2, as well as in vivo studies on acetic acid 70%-induced oral mucosal ulcers in Wistar rats. The effect of EEKG topical application was measured macroscopically, histopathologically, and using the western blot method. The results showed that the secondary metabolites contained in the EEKG were Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, Terpenoids, and Saponins; EPMC and flavonoids detected in the EEKG using TLC and spectrophotometric analysis, meanwhile, only EPMC was detected in the EEKG using RP-HPLC. The EPMC level of the EEKG-R was 10 times greater (0.01%) than that of EEKG-D (0.001%). The relative IC50 of EEKG was 39.85 ppm (r = 1) and the IC50 of EEKG was 58.88 ppm (r2 = 0.97/r = 0.99). This in vitro study also revealed that low-dose EEKG (15.625 ppm and 31.25 ppm) showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) effect in inhibiting PGG2 production catalyzed by COX-2. The in vivo study showed that topical application of EEKG 0.5%, macroscopically, achieved the percent recovery of ulcer area (85.24%) more than the negative control (79.82%) and also showed a better percent recovery of inflammation sign scores (76.67%) than the negative control (71.67%). Thus, EEKG doses of 0.5% to 2% reduced the histopathology score, even, the EEKG 1% (p = 0.0348) and 2% (p = 0.0462) reduced the histopathology score significantly compared to the negative control. In vivo study using the Western blot, method revealed that EEKG doses of 0.5% to 2% were able to reduce the expression of COX-2. In conclusion, lower doses of EEKG have exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2 expression, therefore, the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga is prospective to be developed as an alternative topical drug for oral mucosal ulceration.
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    UJI WAKTU KUMUR EKSTRAK LIDAH BUAYA 75% TERHADAP JUMLAH Candida spp. PENDERITA KANKER KEPALA-LEHER YANG MENDAPAT KEMOTERAPI 5-FLUOROURACIL DAN CISPLATIN/CARBOPLATIN
    (2014-04-17) INDAH SUASANI WAHYUNI; Tidak ada Data Dosen; Tidak ada Data Dosen
    Penderita kanker kepala leher yang mendapat kemoterapi 5-Fluorouracil dan Cisplatin/Carboplatin adalah penderita keganasan stadium lanjut serta biasanya ditemukan peningkatan proliferasi dan kolonisasi Candida spp. rongga mulut. Ekstrak etanol lidah buaya diketahui memiliki efek antifungal terhadap Candida spp. rongga mulut pada konsentrasi 75%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan waktu kumur ekstrak kulit lidah buaya (AVL) dan ekstrak lidah buaya utuh (AVW) pada konsentrasi 75% serta mendapatkan jenis ekstrak lidah buaya yang lebih efektif antara ekstrak AVL dan AVW sebagai obat kumur dalam menurunkan jumlah Candida spp. rongga mulut penderita Kanker Kepala-Leher yang mendapat kemoterapi 5-Fluorouracil dan Cisplatin/Carboplatin. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis statistik dan multifaktorial, uji klinis cross sectional serta pemeriksaan laboratorium. Pengambilan saliva menggunakan teknik Oral Rinse Concentrate dan dibiakkan dalam medium Sabouraud�s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Penurunan jumlah koloni Candida spp. dinyatakan dalam colony forming units/ml (CFU/ml) dan dianalisis untuk menentukan waktu kumur ekstrak lidah buaya 75% terhadap Candida spp. rongga mulut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan dan mendapatkan hasil sebanyak 16 sampel saliva dari 8 subyek penelitian sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditentukan. Seluruh subyek penelitian menunjukkan penurunan CFU/ml saliva setelah berkumur baik dengan ekstrak AVL 75% (rata � rata 37,455%) maupun ekstrak AVW 75% (rata � rata 26,43%). Waktu kumur efektif ekstrak AVL 75% adalah 1 menit, untuk ekstrak AVW 75% adalah 1 menit dan ekstrak AVL 75% menunjukkan efektifitas yang lebih baik daripada ekstrak AVW 75%. Pada penderita yang sedang mendapatkan kemoterapi intravena menunjukkan penurunan CFU/ml yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan penderita dalam masa jeda antar siklus kemoterapi. Simpulan pada penelitian ini adalah ekstrak lidah buaya dapat menurunkan jumlah koloni Candida spp. rongga mulut penderita kanker yang mendapat kemoterapi. Dokter gigi dan dokter onkologi diharapkan dapat bekerja sama dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan rongga mulut dan peningkatan kualitas hidup penderita yang mendapat kemoterapi.