INTERLEUKIN AS BIOMARKER IN RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (RAS): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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2021-07-09
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Abstract
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a recurrent oral disease that causes pain and interferes with daily oral function.1 The etiology of RAS is not yet known, but its predisposition factors include immunity disorders and genetic variations.2,3 Overproduction of interleukin (IL) and polymorphism of the interleukin gene affect the recurrences and is found more in SAR patients.4 This review aims to describe the interleukins and interleukin gene polymorphisms related to and recommended as a RAS biomarker. Articles were searched through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases, using the keywords of “Interleukin” AND “Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis”. The Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) was used, and the writing of this review refers to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 8 articles met the criteria and showed a low risk of bias assessment. The level of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 in the acute clinical phase of RAS were higher than in the recovery phase, but IL-10 levels showed decreased. IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 gene polymorphisms were found to be more frequent in RAS patients compared to controls, while IL-12 gene polymorphisms were found to be less associated with RAS pathogenesis. Interleukins at the proteomic level that recommended as a pro-inflammatory biomarker are IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-18, while an anti-inflammatory is IL-10. Only IL-2 can be recommended as a biomarker at the genomic level, as other interleukins still require other supporting data.
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Interleukin, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Biomarker