IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN SUBSIDI LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) TABUNG 3 KILOGRAM
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2015-10-15
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Abstract
Permasalahan pokok penelitian ini adalah implementasi kebijakan subsidi LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) Tabung 3 Kg yang hasilnya belum maksimal mencapai indikator keberhasilan yang telah ditetapkan, yaitu 4T (empat tepat) yang meliputi tepat sasaran, tepat jumlah, tepat harga, dan tepat ketersediaan. Permasalahan yang paling menonjol adalah terdapatnya kelompok masyarakat di luar kelompok sasaran yang ikut mendapat subsidi LPG Tabung 3 Kg.
Secara rinci penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif karena bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman atas fenomena empirik. Peneliti sebagai instrument utama. Data primer diperoleh dengan cara studi kepustakaan, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan Indepth Interview terhadap informan yang dianggap mengetahui dan memahami proses implementasi kebijakan subsidi LPG Tabung 3 Kg, meliputi implementor dan pejabat pemerintah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk memandu peneliti ditetapkan hipotesis kerja dengan mendasarkan pada teori implementasi kebijakan dari Merilee S. Grindle. Selanjutnya disusun model konseptual pemecahan masalah implementasi kebijakan subsidi LPG 3 Kg dengan menggunakan pendekatan Soft Systems Methodology (SSM).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam implementasi kebijakan subsidi LPG Tabung 3 Kg yang diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri ESDM No.26 Tahun 2009 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Liquefied Petroleum Gas, faktor-faktor yang meliputi aspek content of policy dan context of implementation belum terimplementasi dengan baik dikarenakan sistem distribusi tertutup tidak efektif. Akibatnya, secara umum subsidi dinikmati juga oleh kelompok masyarakat bukan sasaran yang jumlahnya lebih banyak daripada kelompok masyarakat sasaran, serta Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET) tidak bisa ditepati karena terutama oleh adanya peran Pengecer LPG Tabung 3 Kg yang seharusnya tidak ada dalam rantai distribusi yang telah ditetapkan.
Temuan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini, tidak efektifnya sistem distribusi tertutup karena faktor pengawasan implementasi dan koordinasi antar institusi yang lemah, serta sumber data acuan yang kurang valid dalam penetapan penerima manfaat subsidi. Selanjutnya, dengan pendekatan SSM, dibangun model konseptual implementasi kebijakan subsidi LPG Tabung 3 Kg melalui sistem distribusi tertutup dengan penguatan pada faktor kelembagaan, pengawasan, dan distribusi.
Kata Kunci: implementasi kebijakan, subsidi LPG tabung 3 kg, content of policy dan context of implementation, sistem distribusi tertutup, soft systems methodology.
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ABSTRACT
The primary problem of this research is the implementation of the subsidy policy of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) Tube 3 Kg whose results have not been up achieving success indicators that have been established, namely 4T (four rights), which includes the right target, the right amount, the right price and the right availability. The most prominent problem is the presence of groups of people outside the target group who also got the subsidized LPG 3 Kg.
In detail, this study used a qualitative research method because it aims to gain an understanding of empirical phenomena. Researchers are the main instrument. Primary data obtained by the study of literature, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews to informants considered to know and understand the policy implementation process 3 Kg LPG subsidy, covering the implementer and government officials. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitative. To guide the researchers set a working hypothesis, they used the implementation of policies based on the theory of Merilee S. Grindle. Furthermore, a conceptual model is prepared for troubleshooting of policy implementation on the subsidized 3 Kg LPG by using the approach of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM).
The results showed that in the implementation of the subsidy policy LPG 3 Kg stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 26 Year 2009 on the Provision and Distribution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas, factors that include aspects of policy content and context of implementation have not been implemented properly due to the closed distribution system which is ineffective. As a result, general subsidies can also be enjoyed by non-target groups who are more numerous than the target community groups, as well as the highest retail price (HET) cannot be kept due primarily to the role of LPG 3 Kg Retailers that should not exist in the distribution chain that has been set.
The findings obtained from this study, the ineffectiveness of closed distribution system happened because of the weak implementation monitoring and the weak coordination between institutions, as well as the source of reference data is less valid in determining the beneficiaries of subsidies. Furthermore, based on the SSM approach, a conceptual model has been built on the policy implementation of 3 Kg LPG subsidy through a closed distribution system by strengthening the institutional factors, control, and distribution.
Keywords: implementation of policies, subsidy, the content of policy and context of implementation, the closed distribution system, soft systems methodology.
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Keywords
implementasi kebijakan, subsidi LPG tabung 3 kg, content of policy dan context of implementation