Analisis Insidensi dan Faktor risiko Lesi Oral Pasien HIV/AIDS Di RSUP. DR. Hasan Sadikin Bandung
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2023-10-11
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Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Lesi oral banyak ditemukan pada pasien HIV/AIDS dan keberadaannya dapat dijadikan indikasi progresifitas infeksi virus maupun menurunnya sistem kekebalan tubuh pasien. Seiring perubahan pola hidup, berbagai faktor risiko dapat menjadi pemicu timbulnya lesi oral pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Tujuan: Menganalisis insidensi dan korelasi faktor risiko dengan lesi oral pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-retrospektif dengan metode cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah pasien HIV/AIDS yang diberikan pengobatan di poliklinik HIV dan ruang rawat inap RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Januari 2022 sampai Maret 2023. Sampel penelitian ditentukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling berjumlah 108 pasien. Analisis statistik yang digunakan yaitu univariat, bivariat dan multivariat menggunakan software SPSS versi 25.00. Hasil: Insidensi lesi oral terjadi pada 75,9% dengan lesi oral paling dominan adalah Kandidiasis Pseudomembran Akut (25,00%), Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (20,3%) dan Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis (17,2%). Hasil analisis statistika menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 2 faktor risiko yang berkorelasi signifikan dengan lesi oral yaitu oral hygiene buruk (p = 0,004: 95% CI: 1,86-26,98), stadium klinis HIV yang terdiri dari stadium 4 (p = 0,012: 95% CI: 2,247-625,68) dan stadium 3 (p = 0,017: 95% CI: 1,51-61,15). Faktor risiko lain terdiri dari usia, jenis kelamin, jenjang pendidikan, status pekerjaan, Body Mass Index (BMI), merokok, minum alkohol, kadar Total Lymphosite Count (TLC) dan terapi ARV secara statistic tidak berkorelasi signifikan dengan lesi oral pasien HIV/AIDS. Simpulan: Insidensi lesi oral pada pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung termasuk tinggi yaitu 75,9% dan terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara oral hygiene buruk dan stadium klinis HIV 3 dan 4 dengan lesi oral pasien HIV/AIDS.
Kata Kunci: Infeksi HIV/AIDS, Faktor Risiko, Insidensi Lesi Oral
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Oral lesions are commonly found in HIV/AIDS patients and the presences could be used as an indication of the progression of the viral infection as well as a decrease of the patient`s immune system. As lifestyle changes, various risk factors can trigger oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients. Objective: To analyze the incidence and correlation of risk factors with oral lesions of HIV/AIDS patients at RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Methods: The study is a descriptive-retrospective with cross-sectional method. The population was HIV/AIDS patients who were given treatment at HIV polyclinic and inpatient rooms of RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung for period of January 2022 to March 2023. The sample was determined using a purposive sampling method, totalling 108 patients. The statistical analysis used were univariate, bivariate and multivariate using SPSS software version 25.00. Results: The incidence of oral lesions was 75.9% with the most predominant oral lesions were Acute Pseudomembranous Candidiasis (25.00%), Oral Hairy Leucoplakia (20.3%) and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (17.2%). The results of statistical analysis showed that there were 2 risk factors that significantly correlated with oral lesions, namely poor oral hygiene (p = 0.004: 95% CI: 1.86-26.98), HIV clinical stage consisting of stage 4 (p = 0.012: 95% CI: 2.247-625.68) and stage 3 (p = 0.017: 95% CI: 1.51-61.15). Other risk factors comprised of age, gender, education level, employment status, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking, alcohol, Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) level and ARV therapy were statistically not significantly correlated with oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients. Conclusion: Incidence of oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients at RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung was high at 75.9% and there were significant correlation between poor oral hygiene and clinical stages of HIV 3 and 4 with oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS Infection, Risk Factors, Incidence of Oral Lesions
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Infeksi HIV/AIDS, Faktor Risiko, Insidensi Lesi Oral