UTILIZATION OF KANGKUNG SEED WASTE (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) FERMENTED BY Rhizopus oligosporus IN THE RATION ON PERFORMANCE OF QUAIL
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2022-04-23
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the nutrition of kangkung seed waste fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus and its effect on quail performance. The fermentation of kangkung seeds were done with 2 observation variables, namely time (24, 48, and 72 hours) and inoculum dose (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%). The best fermentation results were then subjected to biological tests and used as a mixture of quail rations. A total of 240 7 days quail with an initial weight of 20.15 g (variation of less than 10%) were placed into 20 experimental units with 12 each. The study used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The feed treatments were RK (commercial feed), R0 (ration with 0% BKF), R1 (ration with 7,5% BKF), R2 (ration with 15% BKF), R3 (ration with 22,5% BKF). The study consisted of three stages with the observed parameters including: 1) Stage I: mold growth, proximate content (protein, fiber and crude fat); 2) Stage II: amino acids, anti-nutritional compounds, metabolic energy and nutrient retention of kale seeds and their fermentation products; 3) Stage III: growth performance, egg production, and egg quality. The performance of the digestive organs and the reproductive organs. The growth of Rhizopus oligosporus reached its peak on the second and third days after inoculation. Fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus with an inoculum dose of 0,3% for 72 hours increased crude protein 62,53%, decreased crude fiber 51,46% and reduced crude fat 45.15%, decreased tannins and cyanide acid (HCN) by 35,763% and 92,68%, respectively. The BKF product increased the Apparent Metabolic Energy (AME) value by 8.95%, Apparent Metabolic Energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) 8,47%, True Metabolic Energy (TME) 7,90%, and True Metabolic Energy corrected for nitrogen (TMEn) value 14.33%. The use of BKF up to 22.5% did not have a significant effect on growth performance (feed consumption, feed conversion, body weight gain) and did not reduce the interior and exterior quality of eggs. The use of BKF up to 22.5% reduced daily egg production, but the use of up to 15% did not reduce egg weight and feed conversion to eggs.The BKF feed increased the proventriculus, the weight of the small intestine, the length of the small intestine, and the length of the large intestine. The treatments did not give a significant impact on the histomorphometry of the small intestine of the duodenum and ileum but decreased significantly on the height and surface area of the jejunal villi. BKF ration did not reduce the biometry and histology of reproductive organs, but at the level of 22,5%, it significantly reduced isthmus weight and uterine length.
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fermentation, kangkong seed, growth & production performance