PENGARUH PELATIHAN PERKESMAS-HIV/ AIDS TERHADAP NIAT DAN FAKTOR DETERMINANNYA PADA PERAWAT KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU
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Date
2012-08-06
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Abstract
ABSTRAK
Meningkatnya cara penularan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) melalui
hubungan seks tidak aman pada heteroseksual membawa dampak tingginya angka
infeksi HIV dan penyakit Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pada
perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pelatihan
Perkesmas-HIV/ AIDS terhadap niat, sikap, norma subjektif, dan kontrol perilaku
perawat kesehatan masyarakat dalam melakukan upaya pencegahan dan
penanggulangan HIV/ AIDS pada perempuan di Kabupaten Indramayu.
Responden terdiri dari 25 orang perawat Puskesmas di Kabupaten Indramayu
yang dipilih secara non probability purposive sampling. Rancangan penelitian
berupa one group pretest-posttest design. Instrumen dikembangkan berdasarkan
panduan pengembangan instrumen teori perilaku berencana (Theory of Planned
Behavior). Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon melalui program
SPSS 17.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna niat responden
sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan dalam melakukan 4 perilaku spesifik, yaitu
melakukan deteksi dini kepada pasien resiko tinggi yang datang ke puskesmas (Æ¿=
0.000), melakukan pengkajian komunitas sehubungan dengan upaya pencegahan
dan penanggulangan HIV/ AIDS di wilayah kerja (Æ¿= 0.001), memfasilitasi
pembentukan Warga Peduli AIDS di wilayah kerja (Æ¿= 0.007), dan melakukan
kunjungan rumah kepada keluarga yang memiliki anggota keluarga tertular atau
beresiko tertular (Æ¿= 0.004). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna sikap responden
sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan (Æ¿= 0.533). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna norma
subjektif dan kontrol perilaku responden sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan dengan
nilai signifikansi masing-masing Æ¿= 0.009.
Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak semua faktor determinan perilaku yang
ada dalam teori perilaku berencana dapat ditingkatkan melalui pelatihan
Perkesmas-HIV/ AIDS. Pelatihan dapat meningkatkan niat, norma subjektif, dan
kontrol perilaku responden namun tidak berpengaruh pada sikap responden.
Meskipun demikian, peningkatan niat, norma subjektif, dan kontrol prilaku
responden diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perilaku nyata yang ditampilkan di
lapangan.
Kata kunci: Teori Perilaku Berencana, Perawat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Pelatihan
HIV/ AIDS
ABSTRACT Decreasing of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission throughunprotected sex in heterosexuals caused incidence of its infection and disease ofAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in women populations. Indramayudistrict is one of the districts in West Java that has the incidence of HIV / AIDS ishigher in women than men. To overcome this requires efforts that one of them canbe done by public health nurses. The aims of this study are to identify the effect ofCommunity Health Nursing-HIV/ AIDS training toward intentions, attitudes,subjective norms, and perceived behavior control of public health nurses toprevent and control HIV / AIDS in women population in their working area. Respondents were 25 Public Health Nurses from Community Health Center inIndramayu district that selected by purposive non probability sampling. Design ofthis study is one group pretest-posttest design. Intention, attitude, subjective norm,and perceived behavior control of the respondents were measured before andafter training using a questionnaire that developed based on the theory of plannedbehavior (Theory of Planned Behavior). Wilcoxon test was used to analyze data. Result showed that there was a significant difference in intentions before andafter training in conducting 4-specific behavior; early detection of high riskpatients who come to the clinic (ƿ = 0.000), conduct a community assessment inconnection with efforts to prevent and control HIV / AIDS in working area (ƿ =0001), facilitate the establishment of Warga Peduli AIDS (WPA) in the workingarea (ƿ = 0007), and conduct home visits to families who have family membersinfected or at risk of infected (ƿ = 0.004). There were no significant differences inattitudes before and after training (ƿ = 0533). There were significant differencesin subjective norm and behavioral control before and after training with asignificance value of each is ƿ = 0009. This study shows that not all of behavior’s determinant factors in the theory ofplanned behavior can be improved through of Community Health Nursing-HIV /AIDS training. Training increased intentions, subjective norms, and behaviorcontrol of respondents, but it did not affect attitudes of respondents. Nevertheless,increasing intention, subjective norm, and behavior control expected to increasethe real behavior of respondents.Key words : Theory of Planned Behavior, Public Health Nursing, HIV/ AIDS Training
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Keywords
Teori Perilaku Berencana, Perawat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Pelatihan HIV/ AIDS